索引API


这些API负责管理索引的所有方面,如设置、别名、映射、索引模板。

创建索引

这个API用来创建索引,当用户将JSON对象传递给索引时,可以自动创建索引,也可以在此之前手动创建索引。要创建索引,您只需要发送一个带有settings、mappings和aliases的post请求,或者只发送一个不带正文的简单请求。例如,

POST /colleges

响应

{"acknowledged":true}
  或者,附带一些settings.
POST /colleges
{
   "settings" : {
      "index" : {
         "number_of_shards" : 5, "number_of_replicas" : 3
      }
   }
}

响应

{"acknowledged":true}

或者,附带一些mapping.

POST /colleges
{
   "settings" : {
      "number_of_shards" : 3
   },
   "mappings" : {
      "type1" : {
         "_source" : { "enabled" : false }, "properties" : {
            "college_name" : { "type" : "string" }, "college type" : {"type":"string"}
         }
      }
   }
}

响应

{"acknowledged":true}

或者,附带一些alias。

POST /colleges
{
   "aliases" : {
      "alias_1" : {}, "alias_2" : {
         "filter" : {
            "term" : {"user" : "manu" }
         },
         "routing" : "manu"
      }
   }
}

响应

{"acknowledged":true}

删除索引

该API用来删除任何索引。您只需要传递一个带有特定索引名称的删除请求。例如,

DELETE /colleges

使用_all,*即可删除所有索引。

获取索引

这个API可以通过向一个或多个索引发送get请求,这将返回关于索引的信息。

GET /schools

响应

{
   "schools":{
      "aliases":{}, "mappings":{
         "school":{
            "properties":{
               "city":{"type":"string"}, "description":{"type":"string"},
               "fees":{"type":"long"}, "location":{"type":"double"},
               "name":{"type":"string"}, "rating":{"type":"string"},
               "state":{"type":"string"}, "street":{"type":"string"},
               "tags":{"type":"string"}, "zip":{"type":"string"}
            }
         }
      },
      "settings":{
         "index":{
            "creation_date":"1454409831535", "number_of_shards":"5",
            "number_of_replicas":"1", "uuid":"iKdjTtXQSMCW4xZMhpsOVA",
            "version":{"created":"2010199"}
         }
      },
      "warmers":{}
   }
}

您可以使用_all或*获取所有的信息。

检查索引是否存在

向某个索引发送GET请求,就可以确定该索引是否存在。如果HTTP响应为200,则存在;如果是404,则不存在。

开启/关闭索引

通过在请求中添加_close或_open来请求索引,关闭或打开一个或多个索引非常容易。例如,

POST /schools/_close

或者

POST /schools/_open

索引别名

这个API通过使用_aliases关键字帮助给索引赋予别名。单个别名可以映射到多个别名,别名不能与索引同名。例如,

POST /_aliases
{
   "actions" : [
      { "add" : { "index" : "schools", "alias" : "schools_pri" } }
   ]
}

响应

{"acknowledged":true}

然后,

GET /schools_pri

响应

………………………………………………
{"schools":{"aliases":{"schools_pri":{}},"}}
………………………………………………

索引设置

可以通过在网址末尾附加_settings关键字来获得索引的设置。例如,

GET /schools/_settings

响应

{
   "schools":{
      "settings":{
         "index":{
            "creation_date":"1454409831535", "number_of_shards":"5", 
            "number_of_replicas":"1", "uuid":"iKdjTtXQSMCW4xZMhpsOVA", 
            "version":{"created":"2010199"}
        }
      }
   }
}

分词

该API帮助分析文本并发送带有偏移值和数据类型的token。例如,

POST /_analyze
{
   "analyzer" : "standard",
   "text" : "you are reading this at tutorials point"
}

响应

{
   "tokens":[
      {"token":"you", "start_offset":0, "end_offset":3, "type":"<ALPHANUM>", "position":0},
      {"token":"are", "start_offset":4, "end_offset":7, "type":"<ALPHANUM>", "position":1},
      {"token":"reading", "start_offset":8, "end_offset":15, "type":"<ALPHANUM>", "position":2},
      {"token":"this", "start_offset":16, "end_offset":20, "type":"<ALPHANUM>", "position":3},
      {"token":"at", "start_offset":21, "end_offset":23, "type":"<ALPHANUM>", "position":4},
      {"token":"tutorials", "start_offset":24, "end_offset":33, "type":"<ALPHANUM>", "position":5},
      {"token":"point", "start_offset":34, "end_offset":39, "type":"<ALPHANUM>", "position":6}
   ]
}

您也可以使用索引来分析文本,然后将根据与该索引相关联的分析器来分析文本。

索引模板

您还可以创建带有映射的索引模板,这些模板可以应用于新的索引。例如,

POST /_template/template_a
{
   "template" : "tu*", 
      "settings" : {
         "number_of_shards" : 3
   },
   "mappings" : {
      "chapter" : {
         "_source" : { "enabled" : false }
      }
   }
}

任何以“tu”开头的索引都将具有与template_a相同的设置。

索引统计

该API帮助您提取特定索引的统计信息。您只需要发送一个带有索引网址和_stats关键字的获取请求。

GET /schools/_stats

响应

………………………………………………
{"_shards":{"total":10, "successful":5, "failed":0}, "_all":{"primaries":{"docs":{
   "count":3, "deleted":0}}}, "store":{"size_in_bytes":16653, "throttle_time_in_millis":0},
………………………………………………

Flush

此API用于清除索引内存中的数据并将其迁移到索引存储中,还可以清除内部事务日志。例如,

GET /schools/_flush

响应

{"_shards":{"total":10, "successful":5, "failed":0}}

刷新

默认情况下,ElasticSearch会定时刷新,但是您可以使用_refresh显式刷新一个或多个索引。例如,

GET /schools/_refresh

响应

{"_shards":{"total":10, "successful":5, "failed":0}}

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